Media Regulation in Australia
Media regulation is the control or guidance of mass media by governments and other bodies. In Australia the media is regulated in a variety of ways.
Industry Regulation
The Advertising Standards Bureau (ASB)FreeTV |
Responsible for the regulation of Advertising in Australia including handling complaints
https://adstandards.com.au/ Free TV is an industry body which represents Australia's commercial free-to-air television licensees. The organisation provides a forum for discussion of industry matters and is the public voice of the industry on a wide range of issues.
http://www.freetv.com.au/ |
The Australian Subscription Television
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like FreeTV. This industry body represents subscription television and radio in australia. They uphold the codes of practice outlined by the ACMA
http://www.astra.org.au/ |
Government Regulation
The Australian Communication
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Responsible for regulating broadcasting and online content. they develop codes of practive (along with FreeTV). The ACMA also regulates the ownership of commercial media organisations in Australia
http://www.acma.gov.au/ |
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Responsible for the classification of television, video games, film and literature in Australia. Ratings can range from G, PG, M, MA15, R18, to X (refused classification) http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/Home.aspx |
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Question time!
1. Can you find the code of practice for commercial television and discover what the rules are for the depiction of suicide for programs rated M or MA and above?
2. Can you find the commercial radio codes of practice and discover what is the amount of Australian rock music that a commercial radio station must play?
3. Can you find the subscription broadcast television codes of practice and discover the rules about showing the act of hypnosis on subscription television?
2. Can you find the commercial radio codes of practice and discover what is the amount of Australian rock music that a commercial radio station must play?
3. Can you find the subscription broadcast television codes of practice and discover the rules about showing the act of hypnosis on subscription television?
Self Regulation
This type of regulation is perhaps the newest form of media regulation in Australia. This is where the media content creators themselves regulate their own product via a set of community standards, guidelines and policies. Companies like YouTube, TikTok and Netflix all self regulate
why do we regulate the media?
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There are a number of reasons why we regulate the media. Some of the main reasons are:
1. to prevent copycat behaviour 2. to protect from offence 3. to stop children from seeing harmful images 4. to protect cultural identity (making sure there is a high ratio of Australian content) 5. to encourage media diversity (making sure there are many voices in the media) |
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what are some issues with regulation?
On demand streaming services from globalised media institutions makes it far harder for the government to regulate the media and they are having to rely more and more on self-regulation. Of course, that has its own unique set of challenges such as:
- The consistency of regulations across streaming platforms
- The ability of foreign companies to regulate according to Australian values and guidelines
- The issue with problems with regulation being first identified after audiences have already accessed the material
- Another challenge for the Australian government in regulating the use of media products by Australian audiences is the ongoing debate over age appropriate classification. Organisations such as the 'Australian council on children and the media' have labelled the current categorisation system enforced by the ACB (the Australian classifications board) as outdated and unsuitable for today’s current media landscape. There have been urges for the Australian government to adopt a new classification system that is based on child development rather than community standards. With many organisations disagreeing with the ACB's method of categorisation.
changing media ownership laws
Why are we changing the media laws?
Australia's media ownership laws were drafted during an analogue era before the internet, when the media landscape was dominated by print newspapers and commercial radio and TV services.
Advances in technology now allow digital content from anywhere in the world to be accessed instantly through computers, smartphones or smart TVs. These new options have changed the way we consume media in Australia and have intensified competition between media outlets.
In this digital environment, Australia's ownership laws prevent traditional media outlets such as TV, radio and newspapers from structuring their businesses efficiently or achieving the scale necessary to adapt and compete more effectively with newer unregulated services.
To bring our media ownership laws into the digital era, the Government has announced the most significant reforms to Australian media regulation in a generation.
What are the reforms?
Under the reforms, the Government will repeal two media control and ownership rules in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 that currently prevent a person from controlling:
The Government is maintaining other diversity rules including the '5/4' rule, the ‘one-to-a-market' rule or the 'two-to-a-market' rule. Changes to the anti-siphoning list are not part of this package.
How will the reforms protect local content?
Currently, the Government uses a points system to ensure that larger regional communities have access to local content, such as news broadcasts. Regional Queensland, Northern New South Wales, Southern New South Wales, Regional Victoria and Tasmania are all subject to local content obligations where broadcasters must produce at least 720 points of local content per six week period (each minute is worth one point, or two points if it is local news).
To address concerns that changes to media ownership rules could reduce the amount of local content, the reforms will increase the required amount of local content points to 900, for the same period. These requirements will come into effect following a 'trigger event', or change in control of a regional commercial television licence, that results in it being in a group whose combined licence area populations exceeds 75 per cent of the Australian population.
The changes will also introduce obligations on commercial television broadcasters in smaller markets including Darwin, Mildura, Griffith and Broken Hill, as well as markets in South Australia and Western Australia, which are not currently subject to local content obligations. In these markets, broadcasters will be required to provide at least 360 points (minutes) of local content.
In addition the reforms will provide a new 'local filming' incentive which will provide three points for every minute of local news that is also filmed in the local area. The new points structure will strengthen the link between local content and local communities.
But aren't the existing laws designed to ensure media diversity?
Digital technologies now provide easy access to domestic or international news content through networked devices. In fact, the digital age is now defined by the wide range of media voices and perspectives available to consumers. In this environment, protections such as the '2 out of 3 rule' are no longer needed but some protections will still remain.
The reforms will keep the requirement for at least five independent media 'voices' in metropolitan commercial radio licence areas (mainland state capital cities), and at least four in regional commercial radio licence areas. In addition, an individual will still not be able to control more than one commercial television licence in a licence area or more than two commercial radio licences in the same licence area.
When will the changes happen?
A previous version of the Broadcasting Legislation Amendment (Media Reform Bill) 2016 (the Bill) was introduced into the 44th Parliament in March 2016. The Senate referred the Bill to the Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee for inquiry and report. While the Bill lapsed when Parliament was dissolved prior to the July 2016 federal election the Committee continued is inquiry and released its report on 5 May 2016.
The Bill was re-introduced in the 45th Parliament on 1 September 2016.
Subject to the passage of amending legislation, the new media reform measures will commence in 2017. Licensees would not be required to meet the new local content obligations until six months following a trigger event, giving them time to prepare for the changes.
Australia's media ownership laws were drafted during an analogue era before the internet, when the media landscape was dominated by print newspapers and commercial radio and TV services.
Advances in technology now allow digital content from anywhere in the world to be accessed instantly through computers, smartphones or smart TVs. These new options have changed the way we consume media in Australia and have intensified competition between media outlets.
In this digital environment, Australia's ownership laws prevent traditional media outlets such as TV, radio and newspapers from structuring their businesses efficiently or achieving the scale necessary to adapt and compete more effectively with newer unregulated services.
To bring our media ownership laws into the digital era, the Government has announced the most significant reforms to Australian media regulation in a generation.
What are the reforms?
Under the reforms, the Government will repeal two media control and ownership rules in the Broadcasting Services Act 1992 that currently prevent a person from controlling:
- commercial television licences that collectively reach in excess of 75 per cent of the Australian population (the '75 per cent audience reach rule'); and
- more than two of the three regulated forms of media (commercial radio, commercial TV and associated newspapers) in the one commercial radio licence area (the '2 out of 3 rule').
The Government is maintaining other diversity rules including the '5/4' rule, the ‘one-to-a-market' rule or the 'two-to-a-market' rule. Changes to the anti-siphoning list are not part of this package.
How will the reforms protect local content?
Currently, the Government uses a points system to ensure that larger regional communities have access to local content, such as news broadcasts. Regional Queensland, Northern New South Wales, Southern New South Wales, Regional Victoria and Tasmania are all subject to local content obligations where broadcasters must produce at least 720 points of local content per six week period (each minute is worth one point, or two points if it is local news).
To address concerns that changes to media ownership rules could reduce the amount of local content, the reforms will increase the required amount of local content points to 900, for the same period. These requirements will come into effect following a 'trigger event', or change in control of a regional commercial television licence, that results in it being in a group whose combined licence area populations exceeds 75 per cent of the Australian population.
The changes will also introduce obligations on commercial television broadcasters in smaller markets including Darwin, Mildura, Griffith and Broken Hill, as well as markets in South Australia and Western Australia, which are not currently subject to local content obligations. In these markets, broadcasters will be required to provide at least 360 points (minutes) of local content.
In addition the reforms will provide a new 'local filming' incentive which will provide three points for every minute of local news that is also filmed in the local area. The new points structure will strengthen the link between local content and local communities.
But aren't the existing laws designed to ensure media diversity?
Digital technologies now provide easy access to domestic or international news content through networked devices. In fact, the digital age is now defined by the wide range of media voices and perspectives available to consumers. In this environment, protections such as the '2 out of 3 rule' are no longer needed but some protections will still remain.
The reforms will keep the requirement for at least five independent media 'voices' in metropolitan commercial radio licence areas (mainland state capital cities), and at least four in regional commercial radio licence areas. In addition, an individual will still not be able to control more than one commercial television licence in a licence area or more than two commercial radio licences in the same licence area.
When will the changes happen?
A previous version of the Broadcasting Legislation Amendment (Media Reform Bill) 2016 (the Bill) was introduced into the 44th Parliament in March 2016. The Senate referred the Bill to the Senate Environment and Communications Legislation Committee for inquiry and report. While the Bill lapsed when Parliament was dissolved prior to the July 2016 federal election the Committee continued is inquiry and released its report on 5 May 2016.
The Bill was re-introduced in the 45th Parliament on 1 September 2016.
Subject to the passage of amending legislation, the new media reform measures will commence in 2017. Licensees would not be required to meet the new local content obligations until six months following a trigger event, giving them time to prepare for the changes.